Prenatal imaging classification and potential diseases of fetal abnormal sylvian fissure / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To assess the ultrasonographic features and potential diseases of fetal abnormal sylvian fissure(SF), and to explore the value of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in prenatal detection.Methods:A total of 28 fetuses with a sonographic diagnosis of abnormal SF in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University between October 2018 and October 2020 were prospectively included. The fetal brain was evaluated by neuroultrasound and intrauterine MRI in detail. Amniotic fluid/cord blood obtained by amniocentesis or tissue samples from umbilical cord after birth were collected for WGS. Pregnancy outcomes and postnatal MRI were recorded, and neurodevelopment of live-born infants was followed up for more than 24 months after delivery.Results:During the study period, 28 fetuses with abnormal SF were identified, with a gestational age of 21.3-30.0 (24.8±2.0) weeks. Abnormal SF presented in MCD ( n=15, 53.6%), chromosomal anomalies ( n=3, 10.7%) or single-gene genetic syndromes ( n=3, 10.7%) with the affected fetuses showing developmental delay, hydrocephalus or leukomalacia ( n=4, 14.2%), corpus callosal agenesis with large interhemispheric cysts ( n=1, 3.6%), benign subarachnoid space enlargement with arachnoid cysts ( n=1, 3.6%), and multiple malformations ( n=1, 3.6%). Among the 15 cases with MCD, the most common pathology was lissencephaly/pachygyria, followed by schizencephaly, severe microcephaly, hemimegalencephaly with paraventricular heterotopia, and polymicrogyria. Abnormal SF presented bilaterally in 23 fetuses and unilaterally in 5. All cases were categorized into six types depending on SF morphology in the transthalamic section: no plateau-like or a small insula, linear type, irregular corrugated SF, Z-shaped, and cyst occupying type. In addition to abnormal SF, associated anomalies or mild variations were identified in all fetuses. There were 17 cases underwent intrauterine MRI, and 13 cases underwent postnatal MRI examination.And 25 pregnancies were terminated; 3 were born alive, and 2 had typical syndromic changes with poor neurodevelopmental prognosis. A related pathogenic genetic variant was detected in 57.1% (16/28) fetus, and the incidence of single nucleotide variants(SNVs) was 42.9% (12/28), among which de novo SNVs accounted for 91.7% (11/12). Conclusions:Fetal abnormal SF could be classified based on the ultrasonographic features of transthalamic section. Fetal abnormal SF may indicate MCD, some chromosomal abnormalities or single-gene genetic syndromes that may lead to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, and may be affected by extra-cortical factors. It is suggested to carry out targeted prenatal genetic diagnosis for fetuses with abnormal SF.

Platelet RNA enables accurate detection of ovarian cancer: an intercontinental, biomarker identification study

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.

Feasibility study of prenatal ultrasound in the evaluation of normal fetal sylvian fissure maturation by simplified grading / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To observe the morphological changes of the sylvian fissure on the transthalamic section of fetal brain at 20-32 weeks, and grade the fetal sylvian fissure development by means of a simple scoring system and explore its clinical feasibility.Methods:From September 2018 to June 2020, 487 normal single fetuses of 20-32 weeks were examined in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University. The sylvian fissure maturation was analyzed on the transthalamic section of fetal brain at 20-32 weeks and was graded from 0 to 5: un-visualized (grade 0), shallow arc (grade 1), obtuse-angled platform (grade 2), right-angled platform (grade 3), acute-angled platform (grade 4), and closed operculum (grade 5). The pregnancy outcomes and gestational age were recorded.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software using box plot, Mann-Whitney U test, Weighted Kappa coefficient. Results:Left sylvian fissuer grades were obtained in 280 fetuses and right sylvian fissure grades were obtained in 247 fetuses. The fetal sylvian fissure maturation at 20-32 weeks was graded from 0 to 5, which increased with advancing gestation. Grade 0 only appeared in 3 fetuses at 20 weeks, and 99.4% fetuses at 20 weeks had grade ≥1. Grade 1 appeared in 20-22 weeks, grade 2 in 20-25 weeks, grade 3 in 22-26 weeks, grade 4 in 25-32 weeks, and grade 5 in 27-32 weeks. Box-plot and Mann-Whitney U test showed that gestational week distribution of sylvian fissure at all grades was symmetric on both sides ( P>0.05). The Weighted Kappa coefficients were 0.857(95% CI=0.750-0.957) and 0.939 (95% CI=0.859-1.000), respectively, with strong consistency regarding inter- and intra-observer agreements. Conclusions:Fetal sylvian fissure maturation at 20-32 weeks can be evaluated by means of a simple scoring system with symmetrical grading of both sides.

Counting of fetal caudal vertebral body ossification center below terminal conus medullaris in the screening of the closed spine bifida and tethered cord syndrome / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To assess the significance of counting the number of caudal vertebral ossification centers (OCN) below fetal terminal conus medullaris in the screening for closed spina bifida and tethered cord syndrome (TCS).Methods:The OCN was counted in 961 normal fetuses(normal group) between 17 and 41 gestational weeks and in 140 fetuses with closed spina bifida or tethered cord syndrome(abnormal group) from Jan.2013 to Dec.2020 in Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Women and Children′s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University and Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The OCN was counted in the dorsal mid-sagittal section of fetal caudal spine.The reliability and agreement test were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients in another 50 normal fetuses. The OCN was compared between two groups. ROC curve and the cut-off value were constructed and calculated.Results:In normal group, the N increased with the growing of gestational age.In the subgroup of 17-20 weeks, the OCN ranged from 5 to 7 in most fetuses. In the others subgroups, the OCN was equal to or greater than 6 in 99.9% cases and more than 6 in 97.1% cases. In abnormal group, OCN was less than 7 in 93.0% fetuses and less than 6 in 82.8% cases. There were statistical differences between the two groups except for the subgroup of 17-20 gestational weeks( P<0.05). With the cut-off value of 6.5, the specificity and sensitivity were 93.0% and 94.3% respectively for predicting the presence of closed spinal dysraphism or TCS. Conclusions:OCN is a simple way to evaluate the position of conus medullaris and to screen for the skin-covered spine dysraphism or TSC. OCN is more than 6 in most normal fetuses. Further evaluation of spine is required in fetuses with N less than or equal to 6.

Application of Robot-assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation for Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Stroke would result in upper-limb dysfunction. Robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation is applied in the rehabilitation training after stroke, mainly for intensive and repetitive specific task-oriented training to improve muscle strength and promote the isolated movement of upper limbs for the hemiplegics. However, it can do less for spasm and activities of daily living. It may be more effective combining with other therapies. Although the robots have the advantages of no fatigue, quantification, individualization and objective evaluation, there are also some disadvantages, such as incomplete training, inability to correct compensatory action and lack of empathy, etc. There is still a lack of high quality clinical research of large samples about robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation, and frequency and time of the treatment is unclear.

Efficacy of Compound Wrist-hand Orthosis-assisted Therapy on Wrist-hand Dysfunction after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the efficacy of compound wrist-hand orthosis-assisted training on wrist-hand dysfunction in patients with convalescent stroke. Methods:From June, 2018 to December, 2019, 34 stroke patients in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 17) and experimental group (n = 17). Both groups received basic treatment and routine occupational therapy, while the experimental group wore a compound wrist-hand orthosis during and after the daily occupational therapy. The occupational therapy was carried out 30 minutes a time, twice a day for 14 days, and the non-training time orthosis wearing was carried out cumulative five hours a day for 14 days. Before and after treatment, the Brunnstrom stage (upper limb and hand) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) (wrist and hand) were used to assess the motor function of the upper limbs and hands, while the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were separately used to assess the wrist tension and activities of daily living. Results:Two cases dropped out in the control group. There was no significant difference in Brunnstrom stage, FMA score, MAS score, and MBI score between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the scores of FMA and MBI significantly improved in both groups (|Z| > 3.420, P < 0.01), and the improvement was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (Z = -2.895, t = 4.331, P < 0.01); while, no significant difference was found in Brunnstrom stages and MAS score in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion:The compound wrist-hand orthosis-assisted therapy could improve the wrist-hand motor function and activities of daily living in patients with convalescent stroke.

A multicenter survey of antibiotic use in very and extremely low birth weight infants in Hunan Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017.@*RESULTS@#The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can relieve mild amnestic cognitive impairment / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating mild amnestic cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:Twenty-five patients with aMCI were randomly divided into an observation group of 13 and a control group of 12. The observation group was given 10-Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 80% of the motor threshold-400 pulses a day, 5 times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The control group received sham stimulation on the same schedule. Before and after the experiment, both groups were evaluated using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and received fMRI scans.Results:After the intervention, the average MoCA score of the observation group had improved significantly more compared with that of the control group and compared with before the intervention. According to the fMRI results, regional homogeneity in the right middle frontal gyrus of the observation group had increased significantly, while that of the control group both there and in the left precuneus had decreased significantly.Conclusions:High-frequency rTMS can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients with aMCI and synchronize neuron activity in cognition-related brain regions.

Applicability of three surveillance methods for Aedes albopictus in dengue risk indication / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To disscus the applicability of three surveillance methods for Aedes albopictus in dengue risk indication. Methods Larval and adult mosquito surveillance were conducted in two villages of Guangzhou by using three vector monitoring methods. Meteorological data and dengue cases were obtained in the same period. Results The population dynamics of larvae and adult mosquitoes were affected by temperature and their overall trend was consistent, but there were differences between the abundance of larvae and adult mosquitoes. From December to February the next year, Breteau index(BI) ranged from 5.66 to 24.53 with a risk of level 1 to 3 for dengue fever, while the mosquito and oviposition positive index(MOI) and adult-mosquito density index(ADI) were 0 to 4.00 and 0 to 1 per man-hour, respectively, indicating no risk for dengue fever. In March, compared with BI which indicated a risk of level 3, MOI were 2.13 and 3.77, respectively, representing for no risk. ADI were 4 to 6 per man-hour, indicating a risk of level 1 and level 2, respectively. After April, the dengue risk level reflected by each indicator became to be consistent. Conclusions The risk of dengue fever indicated by BI is always higher than or equal to the risk indicated by the other two. Compared with BI, MOI and ADI are more sensitively in reflecting the activity of Ae. albopictus.

Two New Species and a New Chinese Record of Hypocreaceae as Evidenced by Morphological and Molecular Data

To explore species diversity of Hypocreaceae, collections from Guangdong, Hubei, and Tibet of China were examined and two new species and a new Chinese record were discovered. Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the ITS, LSU, EF-1α, and RPB2 regions support their placements in Hypocreaceae and the establishments of the new species. Hypomyces hubeiensis sp. nov. is characterized by occurrence on fruitbody of Agaricus sp., concentric rings formed on MEA medium, verticillium-like conidiophores, subulate phialides, rod-shaped to narrowly ellipsoidal conidia, and absence of chlamydospores. Trichoderma subiculoides sp. nov. is distinguished by effuse to confluent rudimentary stromata lacking of a well-developed flank and not changing color in KOH, subcylindrical asci containing eight ascospores that disarticulate into 16 dimorphic part-ascospores, verticillium-like conidiophores, subcylindrical phialides, and subellipsoidal to rod-shaped conidia. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Hypomyces orthosporus is found for the first time from China.

Effects of VEGF-Notch Signaling Pathway on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Bone Marrow MSC in Patients with Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the regulation of VEGF-Notch signaling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the patients with aplastic anemia (AA).@*METHODS@#The bone marrow specimens of AA patients were collected for isolation and identification of BM MSC. Westen blot was used to detect the expression of VEGF-Notch signaling pathway-related proteins (VEGF, VEGFR, Notch 1, Jagged 1, Delta-like 1 and Hes1). The VEGF (100 ng/ml) and DAPT (γ-secretase inhibitor, 10 μmol/L) were respectively added into MSC culture system in oder to activate and inhibit the signaling transduction of VEGF-Notch in BM MSC. The proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of MSC in AA patients were detected by CCK8 assay and flow cyfometry. The adipogenic differentiation of BM MSC was detected by oil red O staining.@*RESULTS@#The VEGF-Notch signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in AA BM tissues and AA MSC (P＜0.05) detected by Western blot. The intervention of VEGF and DAPT significantly activated and inhibited VEGF-Notch signaling in AA MSC, respectively. CCK8 assay showed that VEGF intervention significantly promoted the proliferation of MSC in AA patients (P＜0.05). Flow cytometry showed that VEGF significantly inhibited apoptosis of MSCs by blocking S phase cells (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The activation of VEGF-Notch can restore the proliferation function of MSC in AA patients.

Survey on a norovirus-borne outbreak caused by GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant in a university of Guangzhou, 2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of a norovirus-borne outbreak caused by GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 in a university of Guangzhou to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategy on norovirus-caused epidemics.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect clinical information from the patients as well as other data related to the epidemic.Pathogen detections were performed through anal swab specimens from the patients,kitchen workers and samples from the environment.Positive samples were further sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.A case-control study was employed to identify the risk factors related to this outbreak.Results A total of 226 cases of norovirus-borne infection were identified between September 17 and 21,2017,including 223 students,with an attack rate of 0.73％ (223/30 711),and 3 kitchen workers.Students staying in the A dormitory area had the highest attack rate (1.73％,164/9 459).No clustering was found in different colleges or classes.Results from the case-control study revealed that people who ate at the canteen in A dormitory area during September 18 to 20 was at risk for the onset of illness (OR=10.75,95％CI:5.56-20.79).The highest risk was related to the dinner on September 18.Another significant risk factor (OR=3.65,95％ CI:1.92-6.94) was close personal contact in the same room of the dorm.The 3 norovirus infected kitchen workers were all from the canteen in A dormitory area where the positive rate of norovirus identified in kitchen workers was 26.67％ (12/45).Positive samples were sequenced and sub-typed with results showing that the GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant and the nucleotide sequences of cases and kitchen workers were 100％ identical.Conclusions The outbreak was caused by norovirus GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant at campus.Similar outbreaks had been seen since 2013,with the routes of transmission most likely due to food-borne or personal contact.

Influence of Medial Support Screws on the Maintenance of Fracture Reduction after Locked Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Technical aspects of the correct placement of medial support locking screws in the locking plate for proximal humerus fractures remain incompletely understood. This study was to evaluate the clinical relationship between the number of medial support screws and the maintenance of fracture reduction after locked plating of proximal humerus fractures.@*Methods@#We retrospectively evaluated 181 patients who had been surgically treated for proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) with a locking plate between September 2007 and June 2013. All cases were then subdivided into one of four groups as follows: 75 patients in the medial cortical support (MCS) group, 26 patients in the medial multiscrew support (MMSS) group, 29 patients in the medial single screw support (MSSS) group, and 51 patients in the no medial support (NMS) group. Clinical and radiographic evaluations included the Constant-Murley score (CM), visual analogue scale (VAS), complications, and revision surgeries. The neck-shaft angle (NSA) was measured in a true anteroposterior radiograph immediately postoperation and at final follow-up. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis of measurement data, and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical data.@*Results@#The mean postoperative NSAs were 133.46° ± 6.01°, 132.39° ± 7.77°, 135.17° ± 10.15°, and 132.41° ± 7.16° in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively, and no significant differences were found (F = 1.02, P = 0.387). In the final follow-up, the NSAs were 132.79° ± 6.02°, 130.19° ± 9.25°, 131.28° ± 12.85°, and 127.35° ± 8.50° in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively (F = 4.40, P = 0.008). There were marked differences in the NSA at the final follow-up between the MCS and NMS groups (P = 0.004). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) NSA losses were 0.0° (0.0-1.0)°, 1.3° (0.0-3.1)°, 1.5° (1.0-5.2)°, and 4.0° (1.2-7.1)° in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively (H = 60.66, P < 0.001). There were marked differences in NSA loss between the MCS and the other three groups (MCS vs. MMSS, Z = 3.16, P = 0.002; MCS vs. MSSS, Z = 4.78, P < 0.001; and MCS vs. NMS, Z = 7.34, P < 0.001). There was also significantly less NSA loss observed in the MMSS group compared to the NMS group (Z = -3.16, P = 0.002). However, there were no significant differences between the MMSS and MSSS groups (Z = -1.65, P = 0.225) or the MSSS and NMS groups (Z = -1.21, P = 0.099). The average CM scores were 81.35 ± 9.79, 78.04 ± 8.97, 72.76 ± 10.98, and 67.33 ± 12.31 points in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively (F = 18.68, P < 0.001). The rates of excellent and good CM scores were 86.67%, 80.77%, 65.52%, and 43.14% in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively (χ = 29.25, P < 0.001). The median (IQR) VAS scores were 1 (0-2), 1 (0-2), 2 (1-3), and 3 (1-5) points in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively (H = 27.80, P < 0.001). Functional recovery was markedly better and VAS values were lower in the MCS and MMSS groups (for CM scores: MCS vs. MSSS, P < 0.001; MCS vs. NMS, P < 0.001; MMSS vs. MSSS, P = 0.031; and MMSS vs. NMS, P < 0.001 and for VAS values: MCS vs. MSSS, Z = 3.31, P = 0.001; MCS vs. NMS, Z = 4.64, P < 0.001; MMSS vs. MSSS, Z = -2.09, P = 0.037; and MMSS vs. NMS, Z = -3.16, P = 0.003).@*Conclusions@#Medial support screws might help enhance mechanical stability and maintain fracture reduction when used to treat PHFs with medial metaphyseal comminution or malreduction.

Anti-influenza Virus Activity of Jin Qiao Tablets in Vivo / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To study the antiviral effect of Jin Qiao Tablets on influenza A H1N1 virus in vivo. Methods The mouse pneumonia model was established by nasal inhalation of 15 LD50 of influenza virus. After prophylactic or therapeutic medication for 5 d,mouse lung tissue was taken out and weighed. Viral load in lung tissue was measured by polymerse chain reaction(PCR),and the level of γ-interferon(γ-IFN)in rat serum and lung was detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)for evaluating the effect of Jin Qiao Tablets on lung index, viral load and γ-IFN in rats. After prophylactic or therapeutic medication for 7 d,morbidity and mortality within 14 d of mice with pneumonia induced by nasal inhalation of 3 LD50 were observed to evaluate the action of Jin Qiao Tablets for protecting against death and prolonging life span. Results Jin Qiao Tablets markedly decreased the increased lung index,promoted the death-protection rate and life-prolongation rate, decreased viral load, raised the level of γ-IFN in mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Experimental results in vivo showed that Jin Qiao Tablets had better anti-influenza virus activity than Yinqiao Jiedu Tablets and Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, and the effect of Jin Qiao Tablets was equivalent to that of Tamiflu. The prophylactic effect of Jin Qiao Tablets was stronger than the therapeutic effect, but there was no significant difference between them. Conclusion Jin Qiao Tablets have obvious effect against influenza A H1N1 virus in vivo.

Application of Surface Electromyography in Evaluation of Hand Function for Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To apply the surface electromyography (sEMG) in the evaluation of hand motor function for patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods From January to August, 2018, 43 hemiplegic patients with hand dysfunction after stroke were selected. All the patients received comprehensive rehabilitation for four weeks. Their root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of wrist flexor (WF), wrist extensor (WE), extensor digitorum (ED) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) were measured before and after treatment, while they were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Brunnstrom's stages for the affected hand. Results The FMA score and Brunnstrom's stages, as well as the RMS and iEMG of WF, WE, ED and APB increased after treatment (Z > 2.496, t > 5.361, P < 0.05). The FMA score positively correlated with the RMS and iEMG of WF, WE, ED and APB (r = 0.423-0.732, P < 0.05). The Brunnstrom's stages positively correlated with the RMS of WE, ED and ABP (r = 0.343-0.467, P < 0.05) and the iEMG of WF, WE and ABP (r = 0.223-0.328, P < 0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression drew the RMS of ED and iEMG of WE as the related factors for FMA (t > 4.243, P < 0.001), and RMS of ED as the related factors for Brunnstrom's stages (t = 4.707, P < 0.001). Conclusions EMG is an effective tool to evaluate the motor function of hand for stroke patient as an objective and quantitative assessment, especially those of WE and ED.

Survey on a norovirus-borne outbreak caused by GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant in a university of Guangzhou, 2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of a norovirus-borne outbreak caused by GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 in a university of Guangzhou to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategy on norovirus-caused epidemics.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect clinical information from the patients as well as other data related to the epidemic.Pathogen detections were performed through anal swab specimens from the patients,kitchen workers and samples from the environment.Positive samples were further sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.A case-control study was employed to identify the risk factors related to this outbreak.Results A total of 226 cases of norovirus-borne infection were identified between September 17 and 21,2017,including 223 students,with an attack rate of 0.73％ (223/30 711),and 3 kitchen workers.Students staying in the A dormitory area had the highest attack rate (1.73％,164/9 459).No clustering was found in different colleges or classes.Results from the case-control study revealed that people who ate at the canteen in A dormitory area during September 18 to 20 was at risk for the onset of illness (OR=10.75,95％CI:5.56-20.79).The highest risk was related to the dinner on September 18.Another significant risk factor (OR=3.65,95％ CI:1.92-6.94) was close personal contact in the same room of the dorm.The 3 norovirus infected kitchen workers were all from the canteen in A dormitory area where the positive rate of norovirus identified in kitchen workers was 26.67％ (12/45).Positive samples were sequenced and sub-typed with results showing that the GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant and the nucleotide sequences of cases and kitchen workers were 100％ identical.Conclusions The outbreak was caused by norovirus GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant at campus.Similar outbreaks had been seen since 2013,with the routes of transmission most likely due to food-borne or personal contact.

Design and biomechanical study of a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate for fixing greater and lesser tuberosities in complex proximal humeral fractures,and evaluate its fixing stability by biomechanical tests.Methods Twelve fresh-frozen humerus specimens with intact rotator cuff were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) to establish the same greater and lesser tuberosities fracture models.Specimens in Group A were fixed with the double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate,while specimens in Group B were fixed with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and tension band suture,and a 3.5-mm cannulated screw was added to stabilize the lesser tuberosity.The tensile test on subscapularis,infraspinatus and teres,supraspi natus as well as the load-to-failure test on greater and lesser tuberosities were performed on specimens in two groups.Results For subscapularis tensile tests,displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test in Group A were both significantly smaller than those in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).For infraspinatus and teres tensile tests,there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P ＞ 0.05).For supraspinatus tensile tests,there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 90 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P ＞ 0.05).For load-to-failure tests on lesser tuberosity,the failure load in Group A was significantly greater than that in Group B (P ＜ 0.05),and the failure displacement in Group A was significantly smaller than that in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).For load-to-failure tests on greater tuberosity,there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in both the failure load and failure displacement (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with the ordinary tension band suture plus cannulated screw for fixing lesser tuberosity,the novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate shows more obvious biomechanical stability,with the advantage of simultaneously fixing greater and lesser tuberosities.The research findings provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures.

Curcumin Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation of Young Mice through Inhibiting the Activation of p38 MAPK and AKT / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the effects of dietary curcumin on the prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflamma?tion in young mice for simulating the allergic airway inflammation of 3-12 years old children.[Methods]The 4 weeks young female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): Control group, Model group and curcumin group (800 mg curcumin/ kg diet). 24 h after the last OVA challenge, the symptoms of mice in each group were observed, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalve?olar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, various kinds of blood cells were detected, the inflammatory cells around the peribronchial ar?eas stained by H&E and the goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs stained by PAS were analyzed. Additionally, the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the BALF and the total IgE level in the plasma were detected by ELISA, and the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT was measured by western blot.[Results]The mice of model group showed the symptoms of allergic airway inflammation, such as repeatedly scratched the noses, showed nodding breath, notably, the weight of model mice was decreased significantly during the OVA challenge phase, while the symptoms mentioned above were alleviated in curcurmin group. The blood cells test found that the curcumin could in?hibit the elevation of the eosinophils significantly (P<0.05). Dietary curcumin treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory cells in the BALF and peribronchial areas, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels in the BALF were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The goblet cell hyperplasia was attenuated by curcumin treatment, and the dietary curcumin inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT sig?naling.[Conclusions]Dietary curcumin can alleviate the allergic airway inflammation of young mice, which may through inhibiting the transduction of p-38 MAPK and AKT signaling.

Design and biomechanical study of a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate for fixing greater and lesser tuberosities in complex proximal humeral fractures, and evaluate its fixing stability by biomechanical tests. Methods Twelve fresh-frozen humerus specimens with intact rotator cuff were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) to establish the same greater and lesser tuberosities fracture models. Specimens in Group A were fixed with the double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate, while specimens in Group B were fixed with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and tension band suture, and a 3.5-mm cannulated screw was added to stabilize the lesser tuberosity. The tensile test on subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres, supraspinatus as well as the load-to-failure test on greater and lesser tuberosities were performed on specimens in two groups. Results For subscapularis tensile tests, displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test in Group A were both significantly smaller than those in Group B (P0.05). For supraspinatus tensile tests, there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 90 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P>0.05). For load-to-failure tests on lesser tuberosity, the failure load in Group A was significantly greater than that in Group B (P0.05). Conclusions Compared with the ordinary tension band suture plus cannulated screw for fixing lesser tuberosity, the novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate shows more obvious biomechanical stability, with the advantage of simultaneously fixing greater and lesser tuberosities. The research findings provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures.

Ultrasound-induced transdermal drug delivery to the stellate ganglion as a countermeasure to sub-health state / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Stellate ganglion block is feasible for the patients in sub-health status,but it is invasive and the patient compliance is poor.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effectiveness of ultrasound-induced transdermal drug delivery for reducing the hyperactivity of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in the sub-health status.METHODS:Sixty-nine participants in sub-health state from different age levels and professions were recruited and were randomly divided into treatment (n=31) and control (n=38) groups.The treatment group underwent ultrasound-induced transdermal drug delivery to the cervical sympathetic ganglia,while the control group received psychological counseling on sub-health education and behavior intervention.All patients were assessed with Sub-Health Measurement Scale Version1.0,and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey prior to and post treatment,along with clinical curative effect assessment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,29 participants in the treatment group were improved or recovered from sub-health,with an effective rate of 93.5％.Compared with the control group,the scores were significantly improved in the treatment group.To conclude,ultrasound-induced transdermal drug delivery to the stellate ganglion has a significant effect on sub-health state.